EU energy ministers met on Friday to seek a united response to the energy shock triggered by Russia's war on Ukraine, which has sent prices for electricity and heating skyrocketing.

Moscow's invasion has seen the price of natural gas hit record levels, throwing the EU economy into deep uncertainty, with all eyes on whether Russian President Vladimir Putin will cut off the energy flow entirely.

Before the war, 40 percent of the EU's gas imports came from Russia, with most of the supply going to Germany, the bloc's economic powerhouse, now scrambling to come up with new ways to heat homes and power factories.

The European Commission, the EU's executive, will ask the ministers meeting in Brussels to consider a series of highly complex proposals designed to ease the burden.

"Right now, we need extraordinary intervention measures to address high and very volatile prices," the EU's energy commissioner Kadri Simson said, as she arrived for the talks.

"No doubt, ahead of us is a very difficult winter but our energy union is strong and we will prevail."

The main drive will be to find ways to compensate households and businesses that are struggling to pay their bills and keep activity going.

The EU executive will propose a mechanism that would make non-gas electricity companies, such as nuclear, solar or renewable firms, share windfall revenues won on the back of high prices for electric power.

The market price of electricity in Europe is closely linked to the gas price, meaning non-gas utilities are enjoying a revenue bonanza while companies stuck paying for gas struggle.

Fossil fuel companies would also be levied on their mega profits from the inflated energy prices.

Finding consensus will be difficult with energy policy and dependence on Russia varying greatly across the EU's 27 countries.

"Today, we are defining a mandate for the European Commission. We have to agree on a series of objectives, a calendar," French energy minister Agnes Pannier-Runacher said.

- Price cap push stalled -
 

One proposal that has broad backing is an idea to rescue electricity companies that are struggling to hedge their spending on energy markets that have been extremely volatile.

This would be done by relaxing EU rules on state rescues of companies that are suddenly facing more onerous terms for cash as fears of a crisis spread.

The commission will also ask member states to agree on a united way to cut back on energy demand, with mandatory cuts on usage still considered an option, diplomats said.

"These are proposals where I feel there is quite a large convergence of views among the member states," a key EU diplomat said.

An idea to cap Russian gas prices, however, is stalled, diplomats warned, amid fears that retribution from Moscow would throw the European economy into even further chaos.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, ahead of a visit to Brussels, on Friday urged Europeans to seize the opportunity and finally end the dependence on Russian energy "once and for all".

But an EU diplomat aware of the state of negotiations warned that there was no majority among the member states in favour of the idea.

The EU's energy ministers are set to debate the commission's ideas, with many countries expected to come to the table with their own proposals.

The commission, which draws up laws that are then ratified by member states and the European Parliament, would then formalise the proposal next week.