A court in Belarus sentenced one of the country's most prominent opposition figures, Maria Kolesnikova, to 11 years in prison on Monday after she led unprecedented protests against President Alexander Lukashenko last year.

A defiant Kolesnikova smiled and made her signature heart-shaped hand symbol during the court hearing in Minsk, where lawyer and fellow opposition activist Maxim Znak was also handed a 10-year sentence.

During the closed-door trial authorities had accused the pair of violating national security and conspiring to seize power.

Kolesnikova, 39, is the only major leader of last year's mass protests still in Belarus and has been in custody for a year after resisting deportation by ripping up her passport.  

Lukashenko, in power since 1994, has been cracking down on opponents since the protests, which erupted when he claimed victory in a disputed election. 

A video from inside the courtroom showed the handcuffed pair grinning in the defendant's cage ahead of the ruling. 

Blatant disrespect

Kolesnikova -- who wore her trademark dark red lipstick and a black dress -- made the heart-shaped symbol with her hands, which she often did at protest rallies.

Standing next to her, Znak pretended he was inviting an audience into a theatre. 

"Dear spectators, we are happy to see you," said the 40-year-old said.  

Germany called the sentencing "unjustified" and the European Union condemned it as a "blatant disrespect" of rights. 

Amnesty International said it was "designed to crush the hopes" of a generation of Belarusians. 

Kolesnikova -- a former flute player in the country's philharmonic orchestra -- has become a symbol of the protest movement in Belarus. 

She had danced inside the court when the trial, which authorities said had to be closed because it contained state secrets, opened last month. 

Last, September KGB agents put a sack over her head, pushed her into a minibus and drove her to the Ukrainian border. 

She resisted the attempt to throw her out of the country by reportedly jumping out of the car.

Kolesnikova was part of a female trio of protest leaders along with Svetlana Tikhanovskaya and Veronika Tsepkalo, both of whom fled the country.

Tikhanovskaya, who stood for president in place of her jailed husband and claims she won the election, called the pair "heroes" after the sentencing.

"The regime wants us to see them crushed and exhausted. But look: they are smiling and dancing," Tikhanovskaya, who is now based in Lithuania, said on Twitter.

The press service of onetime presidential hopeful Viktor Babaryko, whose campaign was managed by Kolesnikova, published photos of some of her supporters lining up outside the Minsk court.

Kolesnikova and Znak had worked for Babaryko, who in July was jailed for 14 years on fraud charges. 

"Maria and Max went through all the stages of political persecution with dignity," Babaryko's office said in a statement.  

Impassioned address 

It quoted Kolesnikova's lawyer saying she delivered an impassioned final address to the court last week about the "future of a free Belarus".

Kolesnikova and Znak were part of a seven-member Coordination Council set up in response to the disputed August election to oversee a peaceful transition of power. 

Western countries have piled sanctions on Lukashenko's regime over the treatment of opposition activists at home and abroad. 

According to local rights group Viasna there were 659 political prisoners in Belarus as of Monday, including Znak and Kolesnikova. 

Lukashenko faced a global outcry in May when a passenger plane was forced to land in Minsk and a dissident onboard was arrested.

Belarus was again in the international spotlight in August, after an athlete said her team tried to force her to leave the Tokyo Olympics and an exiled opposition activist was found hanged in a park in Ukraine.

Lukashenko has shown no signs of stepping down and maintains the backing of key ally and creditor Russia.