Food Packaging and Public Health: A Growing Concern in Pakistan

Written by: Nishat Hameed

Food packaging plays an important role in preserving and transporting food, but scientific research shows that many packaging materials contain hidden chemicals that can harm human health. Substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used in plastics, food wraps, and can linings. These chemicals can migrate into food, especially when hot, oily, or acidic food is placed in plastic containers or when plastic is heated or reused.

Long-term exposure to these chemicals has been linked with hormonal imbalance, reduced fertility, developmental problems in children, obesity, diabetes, and certain cancers. BPA and phthalates are known endocrine disruptors, while PFAS, often called “forever chemicals,” can accumulate in the body and affect the immune system, liver, and thyroid. Children and mothers are particularly vulnerable, and traces of these substances have been detected in human blood and breast milk, indicating widespread exposure.

In developing countries like Pakistan, the risk is higher due to weak regulation and the common practice of serving hot food in plastic bags or foam containers. Lack of public awareness and the use of low-quality plastics further increase exposure. In addition, plastic waste breaks down into microplastics that enter the food chain through fish and livestock, creating a link between environmental pollution and human health.

Reducing this hidden risk requires informed choices and stronger policies. Avoiding heating food in plastic, choosing glass or steel containers, and limiting packaged food consumption can reduce exposure. At the same time, stronger food safety laws and public awareness are essential. While food packaging is meant to protect food, the invisible chemicals it contains may be silently affecting public health, making this an issue that deserves urgent attention.

The writer is a student of University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Okara Campus