At least 11 miners died Thursday and dozens were missing following an accident that saw a Siberian coal mine filled with smoke, regional authorities said.

Rescuers were forced to call off a search for the missing due to the threat of an explosion at the Listvyazhnaya mine.

The mine, near the town of Belovo in the Kemerovo mining region, filled with smoke in the early hours of Thursday with 285 people inside.

Most were able to evacuate, but 11 people died and another 35 were missing, said local governor Sergei Tsivilev.

"Thirty five people -- we know their names -- are now underground, their location has not been established," Tsivilev said in televised remarks.

"Eleven people have died," he added.

Tsivilev initially said 46 people were underground after the accident and it later became clear that the 11 dead were among them.

Residents of the village of Gramoteino next to the mine gathered in snowfall and sub-zero temperatures outside the entrance to the facility, which was closed off with a boom gate, as ambulances passed in and out.

There was no panic but the crowd was tense and refused to speak to journalists.

"This is a great tragedy," President Vladimir Putin said during talks with Serbian leader Aleksandar Vucic in Sochi.

"Unfortunately, the situation is not getting any easier. And even rescuers are in danger."

Local investigators said smoke spread across the mine at around 8:35 a.m. local time (0135 GMT) and that "a number of workers suffered smoke poisoning".

The Investigative Committee, which probes major cases, opened a criminal probe into the possible violation of safety regulations that led to deaths.

Tsivilev said in a video on messaging app Telegram that there was "no communication" with the trapped miners and that a search mission had been launched.

He later said the operation had to be called off due to a dangerous concentration of methane in the mine and the "high likelihood of an explosion".

"Work will resume as soon as the gas concentration decreases to a safe level," Tsivilev said. 

Forty-nine people sought medical help, and 38 of them were hospitalised, regional authorities said.

The governor declared a three-day mourning period in the region beginning Friday.

Lax safety standards 

The acting head of the emergencies ministry, Alexander Chupriyan, travelled to Kemerovo on Thursday.

The Listvyazhnaya mine was set up in 1956 and is owned by the SDS-Ugol company based in the city of Kemerovo.

A methane blast in 2004 killed 13 people at the mine and another explosion at the site killed five people in 1981.

Mining accidents are fairly common in Russia and across the former Soviet Union as a result of poor safety standards, a lack of oversight of working conditions and ageing Soviet-era equipment.

One of the deadliest mining accidents in Russia in recent years occurred at the Raspadskaya mine in Siberia -- Russia's largest coal mine -- in the summer of 2010, killing 91 people and leaving more than 100 injured.

The incident was the result of a methane explosion when more than 300 miners were inside. A second explosion then trapped a group of rescuers. 

In 2007, 110 people died after a gas explosion at the Ulyanovskaya mine, in the same region.

On top of the deadly accidents, activists have drawn attention to the environmental practices of mines in Russia, one of the world's largest mineral producers.